On this page you will find a selection of resources for the information ethicist. This page is by no means exhaustive, and the editors welcome recommendations for additional material. The editors are keen to point out that the appearance of a resource on this page does not necessarily indicate an endorsement (unless explicitly stated otherwise), and that not all resources have been seen by the editors.
Links to web-based material are provided where possible. Any errors in bibliographic data or hyperlinks are entirely the fault of the editors, who would be grateful for notification. Contact the editors.
New or recently added
►Marti Smith will resume blogging on information ethics according to Marti's Learning Place (June 2008).
updated 22-Jun-08
Upcoming conferences
2008
►11-13 September - eResearch 08 - Oxford Internet Institute, UK. Conference topics include 'Ethical and legal analyses of innovations in e-Research, focusing on risks as well as approaches to resolving ethical dilemmas'.
►24-26 September - ETHICOMP 2008 - University of Pavia, Mantua, Italy.
Other upcoming conferences in the field of information philosophy are listed on the International Center for Information Ethics (ICIE) website.
Details of past conferences are listed below.
updated 22-Jun-08
Contents
Other organisations of interest to information ethicists
This section lists some salient resources which applied ethics. The intention is to provide a philosophical and practical foundation for those wishing to explore ethical dilemmas in the workplace, and to provide links for those interested in carrying out comparative research into codes of ethics across different professions.
Proceedings of the Friesian School, fourth series is a web site maintained by Kelley L. Ross of Los Angeles Valley College. It contains a variety of introductory writings, mostly on Kantian philosophy, including useful material on ethical dilemmas and rights and responsibilities. Although the links below are directly into key parts of the web site, the whole site is worth a browse.
The Generalised Structure of Ethical Dilemmas
Some moral dilemmas - A list of some moral dilemmas, mostly adapted from Moral Reasoning, by Victor Grassian (Prentice Hall, 1981, 1992).
Rights, Responsibilities and Communitarianism
Wikipedia's entry on Ethical dilemma is worth a look for a high-level view of ethical dilemmas.
Applied Ethics Resources on WWW is an often-cited portal into ethics resources in a variety of professions. Excellent for comparative study, or simply for serendipitous discovery. It includes Ethical Decision-Making links listing several articles and other resources useful for those who want to investigate ethical decision-making processes more closely. There are several good educational resources here too.
We include here a selection of resources to creating or using codes of ethics (and codes of conduct). More detailed links to specific codes can be found elsewhere in Sources and Resources.
Codes of Ethics Online - Over 800 codes, mostly from the USA, but few from cognate professional associations.
Creating a Code of Ethics for your Organization
Professional codes of ethics - A book list with links to Amazon.
Listed here is a small selection of introductory articles on information ethics, mostly written from a moral philosophy perspective.
A brief history of information ethics. Thomas Froehlich's excellent article discussing the background and context of ethics in the [US] LIS profession.
The ethics of information provision. A short article broadly defining the spectrum of ethical issues encountered in LIS work.
Overview of information ethics. A particularly good overview of the subject which puts library ethics in the context of media, ICT and internet ethics.
Overview of information ethics. A very high level introduction to the subject for those with little prior knowledge of the field.
Google search for "information ethics"
Google Scholar search for "information ethics"
Google Book Search search for "information ethics"
Information Ethics Thesaurus. A draft thesaurus and classification scheme covering the field of information ethics and related issues.
Ethical Junction. An online business directory of British organisations providing ethical services.
Ethics on the World Wide Web. An unofficial web site of the School of Communications, California State University, Fullerton. A portal linking to a wide variety of centres for the study of ethics, book reviews, centres for business ethics, courses in ethics, and discussion lists. Check the 'last updated' date for currency.
EthicsWeb. A Canadian-based portal to a wide range of ethics resources sorted by profession or industry.
FOR LIBRARY & INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS
Ethics links to librarian and information manager associations WWW pages. An extensive portal not only to associations' pages but to other resources.
IFLA directory of Professional Codes of Ethics/Conduct. A relatively short selection of national codes of ethics. Out of date in some cases.
Presented here are selected links to ethical case studies on the web. We have tried to include resources relevant to LIS workers, but other professions' case studies and scenario collections are included for comparative purposes.
Kelley L. Ross's web site devoted to the Friesian School of philosophy has, among many interesting writings on Kantian and related philosophies, a page of some 14 moral dilemmas. Ross attributes most of the content of this page to Victor Grassian's Moral Reasoning (Prentice Hall, 1981, 1992). Although the dilemmas presented here are not particularly cognate to the LIS profession, they do provide a good starting point for understanding or realising the existence of dilemmas in the first place.
ETHICOMP Online, hosted by the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, has links to some excellent case studies in the related field of computer ethics. There is an interactive real-time scenario-based survey questionnaire which presents the user with a variety of ethical questions. Users' answers are plotted according to sex, age group and geographic location, which makes for a fascinating analysis.
The American Library Association publishes a small number of sketches (or skits) of scenarios involving librarian ethical dilemmas. Most are short dialogues intended to be debated in the classroom, setting out a librarian's perspective of a particular situation and the thought processes that librarian and his/her colleagues go through to reach a decision. Some scenarios are a little contrived (e.g. the one entitled 'The Joy of Jihad: Patriots in the Library' in which library clerk Nellie Nosey becomes suspicious of Arab exchange student Saddam bin Laden's use of library resources), but the situations are still quite plausible and provide excellent material for ethical debate. Additional skits are available from the ALA's Office for Intellectual Freedom.
National Institute for Engineering Ethics. An extensive directory of case studies from the [US] National Society of Professional Engineers. The directory contains discussions around real-life ethical dilemmas, covering around 200 cases from 1976 to 2001. Cases are listed chronologically and there is a subject index too. An alternative link lists cases (with full discussions) relating to earlier versions of the NSPE Code of Ethics from the 1950s onwards.
This section lists resources (articles, papers, criticisms) of CILIP's Ethical Principles and Code of Professional Practice. It is by no means exhaustive and will be extended as new material is discovered. The Sources and Resources section on journal and web articles lists many more useful resources relating to CILIP's Principles and Code.
Police access to library user records
‘Attitudes of UK Librarians and Librarianship Students to Ethical Issues' by Kevin Ball and Charles Oppenheim in International Review of Information Ethics; vol. 3; August 2005; pp.54-61.
‘CILIP: a twenty-first century association for the information profession?' by Judith Broady-Preston in Library Management; vol. 27 no. 1/2; 2006; pp. 48-65.
Office for Intellectual Freedom
Code of Ethics of the American Library Association
Committee on Professional Ethics
Explanatory statements of the ALA code of ethics
Questions and answers on librarian speech in the workplace
Skits Performed at ALA Annual Conferences by the ALA Committee on Professional Ethics
Ethical issues in CI - a resource page from the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals. A long list of interesting resources in this much-debated field. (Unfortunately most of the links have been deactivated.)
Code of ethics for CI professionals. SCIP's code of ethics.
Intelligence Gathering on Gut Instinct Rather than on Knowledge. Survey on ethical and legal intelligence gathering shows US-Europe cultural bias. See also Fuld & Company's 2008 global survey on competitive intelligence ethics.
‘Competitive intelligence - Law and ethics' by Jonathan Gordon-Till in Legal Information Management; vol. 4 no. 1; 2004; pp. 17-18.
‘Industrial espionage and competitive intelligence: one you do; one you do not' by Phillip C. Wright and Géraldine Roy in Journal of Workplace Learning; vol. 11 no. 2; 1999; pp. 53-59.
International Intelligence Ethics Association. The following Mission statement is taken from IIEA's website: "Intelligence ethics is an emerging field without established principles for resolving the ethical problems confronting the intelligence community. Intelligence work has no theory analogous to "just war" theory in military ethics. Consequently, a focus of the International Intelligence Ethics Association (IIEA) will be to provide a forum in which a theory of "just intelligence" can be developed."
Prospect Research and Ethics is a page on The Prospect Research Toolkit, a UK-based website for those involved in fundraising research. Although not directly related to competitive intelligence, it is interesting in that unethical methods of research carried out by some working in the field of fundraising research are akin to pretext methods which are frowned upon in formal competitive intelligence.
International Society for Ethics in Information Technology. INSEIT was created in 2000, with the goal of promoting and facilitating scholarship, education, discussion, and debate, and other activities, on the ethical issues in and surrounded by information technology. The homepage also has links to the free PDF newsletter.
Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiry (CEPE) conference.
European Computing and Philosophy Conference (ECAP)
Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies: A Survey by Mary Rundle and Chris Conley; 2007; UNESCO.
Social Informatics Research Unit. SIRU is concerned with some of the big over-arching sociological questions that the global spread of ICTs invokes. SIRU has particular interests in: community and political informatics; cultural digitization processes; e-health; and spatial informatics.
We are grateful to Hazel Bell, a prominent UK-based indexer, for providing the following references to bias in indexing. Readers are referred also to Hazel's own article which discusses bias in indexing, including the issue of inadvertent censorship.
American Society of Indexers, Statement on Ethical Responsibility of Indexers and Index Publishers to Index Users in The Indexer; vol. 9; 1975; pp. 174-7.
Indexing Biographies and Other Stories of Human Lives by Hazel Bell has a chapter on bias in indexing which concludes with the following bibliography of articles in The Indexer on bias in indexing:
'Bias in indexing' (on John Oldmixon / Laurence Echard) by M.D. Anderson; vol. 9; 1974; pp. 27-30.
'Bias in indexing' (on Bernard Levin); vol. 12; 1980; p. 54.
'Bias in indexing' (on book on prisons) by Hazel K. Bell; vol. 13; 1982; p. 106.
'Indexes past: Alps and sanctuaries of Piedmont and the Canton Ticino'; vol. 13; 1983; p. 259.
'Misrepresentation passim' by Hazel K. Bell; vol. 14; 1984; p. 56.
'A Shavian index' by Hazel K. Bell; vol. 15; 1986; pp. 26-7.
'Sisterly indexing' (on Dale and Lynne Spender); vol. 15; 1987; p. 167.
'Bias in indexing and loaded language' by Hazel K. Bell; vol. 17; 1991; pp. 173-7.
'Scholarly search for the truth' by M. Mallory and G. Moran; vol. 19; 1994; pp. 99-101.
'Whom should we aim to please?' by Hazel K. Bell; vol. 20; 1994; pp. 3-5.
Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies: A Survey by Mary Rundle and Chris Conley; 2007; UNESCO.
The internet: A framework for understanding ethical issues
Research Ethics Guidelines for Internet Research
International Journal of Internet Research Ethics. Vol. 1. no. 1, January 2008-. Two issues per annum. Published by the Centre for Information Policy Research at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Internet Research Ethics - Natalie Young's blog, Virginia, USA.
Association of Internet Researchers Ethics Working Group. 'As a group of scholars interested in the ethical issues arising from the use of the Internet, the Working Group responds to research ethics and methodological queries from researchers, ethics and review boards, policy makers, and any other interested stakeholders.'
Internet Research Ethics Clearinghouse
Bibliography of materials on media ethics, privacy, and investigative reporting.
Codes of ethics online (media)
Ethical Space: The international journal of communication ethics
EthicNet databank for European codes of journalism ethics
Journalism ethics and standards
Issues in Journalism, Media, and Information Ethics - Caroline Dechert's blog, Pennsylvania, USA.
Links to institutions teaching or researching information ethics from around the world.
Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort University, is a UK-based research centre dedicated to research on ethical and social issues in computing and ICT. Although its principal focus is not on LIS issues, the CCSR is still active in this field. It organises the ETHICOMP series of conferences, from which emerge several interesting papers on ethical issues in knowledge management, ethics of information literacy, etc.
Centre for the Study of Technology & Organisation, Lancaster University Management School
Information Ethics Group, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford
Legal and Policy Research Group, Loughborough University
University of Pittsburg, School of Information Sciences
Indiana University, School of Library and Information Science, information ethics course proposal. Marti Smith's outline of an information ethics course (with links to other resources) seems not to have been updated since 1999, but there are more current outlines for courses on information ethics (particularly intellectual freedom and libraries) at various US institutions on Marti Smith's The Information Ethicist blog.
Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) has a Special Interest Group in information ethics. The present contact person is Toni Samek (Alberta).
Prof. Johannes Britz, School of Information Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Dr Luciano Floridi, Markle Foundation Fellow in Information Policy, Coordinator of Information Ethics Group, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford
Dr Thomas J. Froehlich, School of Library and Information Science, Kent State University
Prof. Lucas Introna, Lancaster University
Dr Wallace Koehler, Department of Information Studies, Valdosta State University
Dr Martha (Marti) Smith, Alvernia College, Pennsylvania
Prof. Paul Sturges, Loughborough University
Prof. Charles Oppenheim, Loughborough University
Prof. Simon Rogerson, De Montfort University
OTHER ORGANISATIONS OF INTEREST TO INFORMATION ETHICISTS
Additional organisations are listed on ICIE's web site
Association of Internet Researchers - Ethics Working Group
IFLA Committee on Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE)
Information Ethics Group, Oxford University
Institute of Communication Ethics
International Center for Information Ethics
Media Ethics (Institutes & Organizations)
UNESCO INFOethics website
World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST)
The ETHICOMP Journal. Vol. 1 no. 1, February 2004-. Four issues per annum (although this schedule appears to be flexible). Freely accessible online, the ETHICOMP Journal is published by the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility. Each issue of the journal contains around 30 papers.
Ethics and Information Technology. Vol. 1 no. 1, March 1999-. Four issues per annum. Available online via subscription.
International Journal of Internet Research Ethics. Vol. 1. no. 1, January 2008-. Two issues per annum. Published by the Centre for Information Policy Research at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
International Review of Information Ethics. Vol. 1, June 2004-. Two issues per annum. Formerly the International Journal of Information Ethics, now renamed, this is the journal of the International Center for Information Ethics. Available online. Vol. 1 - Information ethics. Vol. 2 - ICIE Symposium 2004. Vol. 3 - Search engines. Vol. 4 - The ethics of e-games. Vol. 5 - Ethics of information technology in medicine and health care. Vol. 6 - Ethics of robotics. Vol. 7 - Proceedings of the 1st African Information Ethics Conference. Vol. 8 - Ethical challenges of ubiquitous computing. Vol. 9 - The internet as an ethical challenge for religions.
Journal of Information Ethics. Vol. 1, 1992-. Two issues per annum. The longest running and perhaps most cognate to LIS professionals' core work, the JIE is edited by veteran information ethicist Robert Hauptman. Not available online.
Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society. Vol. 1 no. 1, 2003-. Four issues per annum plus occasional supplements. Edited by Prof. Simon Rogerson and Dr Ben Fairweather of the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility. Available online, subscription required.
Journal of Mass Media Ethics. Vol. 1 no. 1, 1986/86-. Four issues per annum. The JMME covers a range of issues of interest to LIS workers including investigation ethics, research ethics, and so on. A full index of abstracts is freely available online; access to full-text articles requires an annual subscription.
Are bloggers discussing information ethics? The following graph shows the number of blogs (with any authority) containing the term "information Ethics" per day for the last 360 days (according to Technorati).
Try searching Technorati for "information ethics" with what
Technorati calls 'a
lot of authority', or for a different approach try a
Google Blog Search.
EthicalLibrarian has been blogging since August 2007 with several contributors. It is described as "is being created for a graduate course on ethics, and librarians" but apart from that we know nothing more about the people behind the posts. The posts are particularly relevant to librarians, principally from a US perspective, but many topical issues are discussed including privacy and censorship.
The Information Ethicist. Marti Smith's excellent blog commented on all things related to information ethics (with an emphasis on intellectual freedom) from January 2005 to September 2006. Unfortunately it seems to have been discontinued, but the good news is that Marti will resume blogging on information ethics (at a site to be announced at Marti's Learning Place, June 2008). Marti's Global InfoEthics blog (February 2005 - January 2006) was only sporadically updated with comments relating to a worldwide group blog. Meanwhile, Marti's Teaching Blog ran for a few months to May 2006 and was somewhat less focused on ethics.
Conspiracy Librarian was actively blogging between January and March 2006 on many pertinent issues in library ethics and privacy. The blog has a long list of related information ethics blogs ('Websites Worth Watching'), some of which appear to be written by students on the INFO 679 course at Drexel University. (As a result, most of the student blogs stop at the end of the academic year.)
Kyle's Infoethics Blog - K[yle?] Quinn, Arizona, USA. 'For teachers and librarians'.
Information Ethics and Literacy - Kathryn Holt, Montana, USA
Internet Research Ethics - Natalie Young, Virginia, USA
Issues in Journalism, Media, and Information Ethics - Caroline Dechert, Pennsylvania, USA. This blog has a long list of links to related information ethics blogs.
‘Applied ethics in business information units' by Jonathan Gordon-Till in Business Information Review; vol. 19 no. 2; 2002; pp. 48-54.
‘Attitudes of UK Librarians and Librarianship Students to Ethical Issues' by Kevin Ball and Charles Oppenheim in International Review of Information Ethics; vol. 3; August 2005; pp.54-61.
‘Being negligent and liable: a challenge for information professionals' by Stuart Hannabuss in Library Management; vol. 21 no. 6; 2000; pp. 316-329.
‘Codes of ethics: Their evolution, development and other controversies' by Brian J. Farrell, Deirdre M. Cobbin, and Helen M. Farrell in Journal of Management Development; vol. 21 no. 2; 2002; pp. 152-163.
‘Competitive intelligence - Law and ethics' by Jonathan Gordon-Till in Legal Information Management; vol. 4 no. 1; 2004; pp. 17-18.
'Convergence and professional identity in the academic library' by Kerry M. Wilson and Eddie Halpin in Journal of Librarianship and Information Science; vol. 38; 2006; pp. 79-91.
‘Copyright in a networked world: ethics and infringement' by Michael Seadle in Library Hi Tech; vol. 22 no. 1; 2004; pp. 106-110.
‘Copyright in the networked world: moral rights' by Michael Seadle in Library Hi Tech; vol. 20 no. 1; 2002; pp. 124-127.
‘Disciplinary debates and bases of interdisciplinary studies: The place of research ethics in library and information science' by Andrew P. Carlin in Library & Information Science Research; vol. 25 no. 1; 2003; pp. 3-18.
‘Doing the right thing: professional ethics for information workers in Britain' by Paul Sturges in New Library World; vol. 104 no. 3; 2003; pp. 94-102.
'Ethical and strategic issues in organisational social network analysis' by S. Borgatti and J.L. Molina in Journal of Applied Behavioral Science; vol. 39; 2003; pp. 337-349.
‘Ethical Considerations of Information Professionals' by Thomas Froehlich in Cadernos de Biblioteconomia, Arquívistica e Documentação; vol. 1; 1996; pp. 15-36.
‘Ethical Considerations Regarding Library Nonprofessionals: Competing Perspectives and Values by Thomas Froehlich in Library Trends; vol. 46 no. 3; 1998; pp. 444-466.
‘Ethical dilemmas in libraries: an international perspective' by Plamen Miltenoff and Robert Hauptman in The Electronic Library; vol. 23 no. 6; 2005; pp. 664-670.
‘Ethical leadership: professional challenges and the role of LIS education' by Mark Winston in New Library World; vol. 106 no. 5/6; 2005; pp. 234-243.
‘Ethical perspectives of library and information science graduate students in the United States' by Renée N. Jefferson and Sylvia Contreras in New Library World; vol. 106 no. 1/2; 2005; pp.58-66.
Ethics and GIS: The Practitioner's Dilemma by Michael Blakemore and Roger Longhorn; 2004.
‘Ethics and the reference librarian' by Charles A. Bunge in The Reference Librarian; vol. 31 no. 66; September 1999; pp.25-43.
‘Ethics in an age of changing technology: familiar territory or new frontiers?' in Janet R. Cottrell in Library Hi Tech; vol. 17 no. 1; 1999; pp. 107-113.
‘Ethics of Electronic Information in the Twenty-First Century' by Dick Kawooya in Library Hi Tech News; vol. 21 no. 10; 2004; pp. 9-10.
The ethics of librarianship: Dilemmas surrounding libraries, intellectual freedom, and censorship in the face of colossal technological progression by Moya K. Mason.
‘The Ethics of Research in Cyberspace' by Robert Alun Jones in Internet Research; vol. 4 no. 3; 1994; pp. 30-35.
‘Ethics, strengths and values: a review article' by Gordon Moran in Journal of Librarianship and Information Science; vol. 33 no. 2; 2001; pp. 98-101.
‘Ethics: the professional challenge' by Jonathan Gordon-Till in Business Information Review; vol. 19 no. 4; 2002; pp. 46-54.
‘Excuse me, how do I commit suicide? Access to ethically disputed items of information in public libraries' by Primoz Juznic, Jose Urbanija, Edvard Grabrijan, Stasoa Miklavc, Damijana Oslaj, and Sonja Svoljsak in Library Management; vol. 22 no. 1/2; 2001; pp. 75-80.
‘Freedom of access: ethical dilemmas for Internet librarians' by Irina Trushina in The Electronic Library; vol. 22 no. 5; 2004; pp. 416-421.
'Global information justice: Rights, responsibilities, and caring connections' by Martha Smith in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278311.
‘A global perspective on library association codes of ethics' by Pnina Shachaf in Library & Information Science Research; vol. 27 no. 4; 2005; pp. 513-533.
'Google's privacy responsibilities at home and abroad' by Jenny Fry in Journal of Librarianship and Information Science; vol. 38; 2006; pp. 135-139.
‘Healthcare information delivery in public libraries: implications for academic reference librarians' by Lothar Spang and Lynda M. Baker in Reference Services Review; vol. 28 no. 1; 2000; pp. 81-94.
‘Industrial espionage and competitive intelligence: one you do; one you do not' by Phillip C. Wright and Géraldine Roy in Journal of Workplace Learning; vol. 11 no. 2; 1999; pp. 53-59.
‘Information and Professional Ethics in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Ugandan Experience' by Dick Kawooya in Information Development; vol. 20; 2004; pp. 106-110.
‘Information ethics: a contemporary challenge for professionals and the community' by Stuart Hannabuss in Library Review; vol. 47 no. 2; 1998; pp. 91-98.
'Information ethics in the business research environment' by Roberta Brody in Online; vol. 30 no. 1; 2006; pp. 38-41.
'Information Ethics: The Duty, Privilege and Challenge of Educating Information Professionals - University of Pennsylvania' by Toni Carbo and Stephen Almagno in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278310.
‘Inspiration or infringement: parody and the law' by Stuart Hannabuss in Library Review; vol. 51 no. 2; 2002; pp. 79-89.
‘Intellectual Freedom, Ethical Deliberation and Codes of Ethics' by Thomas Froehlich in IFLA Journal; vol. 26 no. 4; 2000; pp. 264-272.
‘Intellectual property rights and university employees' by Stuart Hannabuss in Library Review; vol. 50 no. 3; 2001; pp.117-122.
‘The issue of professional liability' by Stuart Hannabuss in New Library World; vol. 101 no. 3; 2000; pp. 97-103.
‘Issues of censorship' by Stuart Hannabuss and Mary Allard in Library Review; vol. 50 no. 2; 2001; pp. 81-89.
It's not cricket: Laws of the game, or guidance in ethical reflection for information professionals in western Europe by Paul Sturges; 2003; 69th IFLA General Conference and Council, Berlin.
'Librarians and ethical neutrality:
revisiting
‘LIS education – repackaging infopreneurs or promoting value-based skills?' by Robert W. Vaagan in New Library World; vol. 104 no. 4/5; 2003; pp. 156-163.
‘Living by the code: some issues surrounding a code of conduct for the LIS profession' by Mike Freeman in New Library World; vol. 97 no. 5; 1996; pp. 17-21.
‘Medical research and the Institutional Review Board: The librarian's role in human subject testing' by Judith G. Robinson and Jessica Lipscomb Gehle in Reference Services Review; vol. 33 no. 1; 2005; pp. 20-24.
‘Misbehaviour in the public library: Internet use, filters and difficult people' by Niels Ole Pors in New Library World; vol. 102 no. 9; 2001; pp.309-313.
‘Models for ethical decision-making for use in teaching information ethics: Challenges for educating diverse information professionals' by Toni Carbo in International Journal of Information Ethics; vol. 2; 2004.
'Mouse click plagiarism: The role of technology in plagiarism and the librarian's role in combating it - Statistical data included' by Nicole J. Auer and Ellen M. Krupar in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278304.
‘Need to know; allowed to know – The health care professional and electronic confidentiality' by Antony Griew, Els Briscoe, Gerry Gold, and Sue Groves-Phillips in Information Technology & People; vol. 12 no. 3; 1999; pp. 276-286.
Nicholas C. Burbules "Paradoxes of the web: The ethical dimensions of credibility' by Nicholas C. Burbules in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278306.
'PATRIOT Games and Patriot Acts, From the President' by Ross Holt in North Carolina Libraries; vol. 61 no. 2; 2003; p. 51.
‘Professional associations and ethical issues in LIS' by Charles Oppenheim and Natalie Pollecutt in Journal of Librarianship and Information Science; vol. 32 no. 4; 2000; pp. 187-203.
'Professionalism in librarianship: Shifting the focus from malpractice to good practice' by Randy Diamond and Martha Dragich in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278303.
'Professionalism or culpability? an experiment in ethics' by Robert Hauptman in Wilson Library Bulletin; vol. 50 no. 8; 1976; pp. 626-627.
‘Rafael Capurro and the Challenge of Information Ethics' by Thomas Froehlich in International Information and Library Review; vol. 32; 2000; pp. 277-282.
'Revolution and the library - from printing press to computer, how introduction of new media have influenced academic libraries' by Krystyna Gorniak-Kocikowska in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278307.
‘Scenario planning for libraries' by Stuart Hannabuss in Library Management; vol. 22 no. 4/5; 2001; pp. 168-176.
Should I or shouldn't I? An ethical conundrum. Ethics in school librarianship: A reader by Carol Simpson.
‘Social and ethical considerations in virtual worlds' by Robert W. Kerbs in The Electronic Library; vol. 23 no. 5; 2005; pp. 539-546.
'The social nature of information' by Mark Alvino and Linda Pierce in Library Trends; vol. 50 no. 1; 2001; accessed at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1387/is_3_49/ai_75278308.